Microglia are a type of glial cell found in the brain and central nervous system.  They act as the brain's immune cells, monitoring the environment for signs of damage or infection and providing support and protection for the neurons. Microglia play a crucial role in maintaining and supporting brain health. A microgliopathy occurs when microglia are not functioning properly, which can lead to various neurological disorders. Primary microgliopathies are often caused by genetic mutations.